Some volcanoes or groups of volcanoes are under surveillance of the Southern Andean Volcano Observatory ( Spanish: Observatorio Volcanológico de los Andes del Sur OVDAS) because of their critical activity or proximity to big cities. The westernmost part of the ridges formed by these hotspots contain the most recently active volcanoes. The volcanoes of the Andes originate from the subduction of the Nazca Plate under the South American Plate, while the volcanoes of Chile's Pacific islands formed from magma coming from three distinct hotspots, Easter, Juan Fernández and San Felix hotspots. The country's National Geology and Mining Service lists 90 active volcanoes. The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program lists 105 volcanoes in Chile that have been active during the Holocene.
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